History Of Transportation - A Brief History Of The Hot Air Balloon

History Of Transportation - A Brief History Of The Hot Air Balloon

The ability to fly like a bird is an ancient aspiration for mankind. There are many legendary accounts of men flying, the most famous of which is the Greek legend of Daedalus and Icarus, his son. Daedalus was a famous architect and sculptor, working for King Minos of Crete. He displeased the king, and the king imprisoned Daedalus and his son. They wanted freedom, so Daedalus fashioned wings out of wax and feathers. These he put on himself and Icarus so they could fly to freedom. He cautioned Icarus not to fly too close to the sun, but once they were in the air Icarus became enraptured by the flight and flew higher and higher until the sun was close. Too close, because the wax began to melt and the feathers fell out of the wings. Icarus fell to his death in the sea, becoming the first aircraft casualty!

Historical records indicate no one else even came this close to flying until the eighteenth century. Hot air balloons were the first aircraft in history to take men into the air. Balloons are ‘lighter than air’ craft, so called because the bag of the balloon contains hot air, helium, or hydrogen. These substances are lighter than air, and when held captive in the balloon they cause the balloon to rise off the ground. Lighter than air craft include balloons, blimps, and dirigibles.

Hot air balloons are fabric filled bags which have a basket or similar passenger or cargo vessel suspended below them. They have no capacity for directional control, merely drifting with the wind. Dirigibles have a fabric covered frame which gives the craft its shape. A gondola is mounted on the bottom of the frame which houses passengers and a motor and prop. The dirigible has directional control, and more altitude control than a balloon. A blimp has no framework to give the airbag it’s shape. The shape is maintained by the pressure of the gas inside. Directional control and passenger gondola the same as for a dirigible. Hydrogen and hot air were the principal lifting gases for the early balloons. Helium wasn’t available in large quantities until the 1900’s, but saw limited use by early balloonists. Hydrogen is more buoyant than helium, but is more volatile, so it isn’t used much, anymore. Early hot air balloonists burned wool and straw to keep the balloons aloft. Modern balloonists use propane gas burners to fly. Hydrogen was commonly used, but was it dangerous because of its flammability. It is no longer much used because of it’s extreme volatility.

Flying a hot air balloon is simple, in theory. To gain altitude in a helium balloon, you jettison ballast, usually sand bags. In a hot air balloon you turn up the gas heaters feeding exhaust into the balloon. To lose altitude in a helium balloon, you vent gas. In a hot air balloon you turn down the propane burners. Vagaries in wind currents, air density, presence of thermals, and man made or natural barriers such as trees and power lines complicate balloon aviation.

History of Flight and Avaition

History Of The Hot Air Balloon And Dirigible Airship

Lighter than air craft such as balloons and airships are colorful and delightful vessels. Who among us hasn’t looked upon a flying balloon or blimp with delight and wonder as the craft soared overhead with the wind at it’s back. Simple in principal, balloon flight wasn’t successfully attained until the eighteenth century.

A Brazilian priest and inventor named Bartolomeu Lourenço de Gusmão was one of the earliest pioneers of balloon aviation history. He conducted experiments in 1709 with hot air balloons.

The first aircraft passengers in the world were animals. French brothers Joseph and Étienne Montgolfier sent an unmanned hot air balloon aloft on June 4, 1783, and followed this experiment on September 19 by launching a balloon with a sheep, rooster, and a duck on board. This flight covered 1.5 miles. Try to get on your average airliner today with a sheep, rooster, and a duck and see what the flight attendant does.

François Pilâtre de Rozier and François Laurent made the first manned balloon flight in history on November 21, 1783. A couple of tethered flights had taken place earlier and this flight was un-tethered. It covered 5.5 miles and took 23 minutes. The balloonists burned straw and wool to replenish the hot air in the balloon, which was made of linen. In December of the same year J.-A.-C.Charles, and Nicolas-Louis Robert made the first flight in in history in a helium balloon.

Military applications for the balloon were perceived by Napoleon Bonaparte. He used tethered balloons for observation posts in some of his battles. They were also used for this purpose by both sides in the American Civil War in the United States. There was limited use for this purpose as late as W.W.I.

Airships made their debut in 1852 when Frenchman Henry Giffard flew his cigar shaped craft over Paris. The ship could fly up to six miles per hour and was powered by a steam engine turning a prop.

Dirigibles saw some use in commercial passenger transport, but their susceptibility to bad weather and their extreme slowness limited use. The steam engine in use at the time of the airships birth were too heavy to be of real sound use. By the time engines were developed which were practical for them, these same engines saw service in the airplanes which made dirigibles obsolete.

Their military use was limited because of their vulnerability to airplane attack, but the Germans did use them to bomb Paris and London during the First World War. The Allies used dirigibles mainly for submarine patrol.

German Count Ferdinand von Zeppilin developed an airship which served as a prototype for airship design for many years. They were used for commercial passenger service from about 1910 until 1937. Both overland and trans-oceanic flights were made. The susceptibility of airships to storms and the development of better aircraft doomed the airship to extinction. The German Hindenburg was the biggest and last of the great airships. It was filled with hydrogen gas, and crashed and burned near Lakehurst, New Jersey on May 6, 1937 after making 10 trans-Atlantic runs.

Balloons, dirigibles and airships are all part of the long story of the history of transportation in human existance. They all made their contributions to the science of aviation and the furtherance of knowledge.

History of Flight and Avaition

How To Build A Model Rocket - Make A Skill Level One Kit

This article will describe how to build a model rocket kit. Follow the photos below as we make the Gnome Skill Level One Rocket in steps from laying out the parts to final assembly. Rocket building and flying is a popular activity for schools, scouts, and children’s organizations such as 4-H. Lessons learned from rocket building include how to plan, start and finish a project, organization of tools and parts, model building skills, and how to use tools. Rocketry can also introduce kids to the exciting world of space technology. Rockets are also lots of fun, which is the main reason for building and flying them. A good first rocket for individuals or groups is the Gnome from Estes. It is an E2X kit which needs no painting or complex gluing. It is available in economical bulk packs for group building. A minimum of tools are needed for rocket building and include: Scissors Hobby knife Pencil Plastic Cement - model glue Masking Tape The first step in building the rocket is to lay all the parts out on the work surface in front of you, identify them from the plans and make sure they are all there. Using the plan as a guide, organize the parts in the order in which you will be using them. Tools needed for rocket building E2X Rocket Kit - The Gnome Parts Of The Rocket Gnome Nose Cone Parts Nose Cone Assembly Marking The Tube Step 1 Marking The Tube Step 2 Cutting The Tube Rocket Fin Assembly Installing The Engine Hook Engine Hook Installed Shock Cord Step 1 Shock Cord Step 2 Shock Cord Step 3 Shock Cord Step 4 Shock Cord Nose Cone Assembly Streamer Step 1 Streamer Step 2 Streamer Step 3 Streamer Step 4 Decal Putting On The Decal Finished rocket The general steps for rocket construction are outlined below: Glue the nose cone assembly together Mark body tube for fins using a door frame as a guide Install the fin unit on the body tube - use the line you drew in the last step to properly align the unit Install engine hook. The Gnome uses a streamer recovery system to slow down it’s descent The shock cord/streamer is installed in the next step - cord glued inside the body tube - the shock cord is an elastic cord The streamer is taped to the shock cord Streamer is rolled up and pushed into body tube - install nose cone. Decal the rocket - its ready to fly! The Gnome takes about an hour to build and will fly to 200 feet. It can be launched from a baseball field with a 1/2A3-4T engine. Launch using instruction from an earlier column. After building this one, you are ready to build and fly many other of the many kinds of rockets available in the hobby shop. An earlier column outlined many of these exciting and colorful rockets. Back To History of the Rocket © 2012 Hobby Hobnob Friday, September 21, 2012 Model Rocket Parts And What They Do Model Rocket Parts And What They Do Building and flying model rockets is a fun and exciting hobby. Many kid’s organizations like 4-H and Scouts have rocketry as part of their programs. Many schools build rockets as class projects to learn about space and rocketry. Rocketry is easy to learn. The model rocket parts are pretty basic and consist of the body tube, nose cone, engine mount, launch lug, parachute, fins, and shroud line. The body tube makes up the main body of the rocket. It is made of a lightweight material, like cardboard, is hollow. In flight, it contains the parachute, recovery wadding, engine. The nose cone attaches to the body tube at the apex of the rocket. It helps lower air resistance to the rockets flight. It comes off with the ejection charge to allow the recovery system to deploy. The engine mount is installed at the bottom of the rocket, and holds the rocket engine in place during the flight. The launch lug attaches to the side of the body tube. It holds the rocket securely to the launch rod on the launch pad while launch arrangements are being made. The parachute is packed inside the body tube before flight, and is attached to the body tube with the shroud line. The parachute is deployed when the ejection charge is fired, bringing the rocket safely back to earth. The fins are attached to the bottom of the body tube. They give the rocket stability during flight. Rockets may be flown on as small as a 1/4 acre. Field size is determined by the size of the rocket and size of the engine used. The smallest engines - 1/2A - will fly a rocket up to 200 feet in altitude, and will require an altitude of about fifty feet by fifty feet. A engines will achieve about 400 foot altitude and need about 100 feet by 100 feet area. B engines will fly approximately 800 feet high and need about 200 feet on each side - this is about an acre. C engines will achieve about 1600 feet in altitude and need about 400 feet on each side. This is about 2 acres. D engines push a rocket up to about 1800 feet and need about 500 feet on each side. The rocket engine casing is composed of paper and clay materials, and are pre-loaded with non-toxic, bio-degradable materials. The engine is used once, and discarded. The rocket engine’s attributes are communicated by a simple to understand code stamped on its side, and on the package. A8-3 would be an example of this code. The A designates the total thrust of the engine expressed in Newtonian seconds. Their are four letter grades - A, B, C, and D. Each letter grade is twice as powerful as the one preceding it. The first number is the average thrust of the engine expressed in Newton’s. The last number in the code tells you number of seconds from engine shutdown until the ejection charge fires. The longer this interval is, the higher the rocket will go, as it will drift upward until the parachute deploys. The igniter is the next thing we well talk about. It is, quite simply, a wire made from an electrically resistant material. When electricity from the launch controller is applied, the igniter heats up, igniting the propellant in the rocket engine. The igniter installs in the dimple like depression in the bottom of the rocket engine. Be careful with the igniter, as it is quite brittle and easily broken. Make sure the igniter is firmly seated and making good contact with the propellant in the engine. Improper igniter installation is the number one cause of launch failure. Now we get to the launch controller. This is a device about the size and shape of a candy bar, and is used to control the launch of the rocket. There is a push button and an indicator light. The indicator light verifies when the rocket is ready to launch. This is when the safety key is inserted in the little hole at the top of the controller. The button is pushed to activate the igniter when all launch preparations are complete. The safety key is a little round key attached to the safety cap. The safety cap is placed on top of the launch rod after the rocket is placed on the launch pad. The controller will not launch the rocket as long as the key is not in the hole in the controller. The safety cap blunts the end of the launch rod during launch preparation, preventing accidents. A seventeen foot wire leads from the controller to the rocket. The wire has alligator clips which attach to the igniter wire after it is installed in the engine. The launch pad consists of the launch rod, blast plate, and three legs. The rocket is installed on the launch pad by slipping it into the launch lug on the side of the rocket body. It fits loosely enough to allow the rocket to escape easily during launch. The blast plate protects the area directly under the rocket from escaping gasses from the engine at ignition. Once the rocket is built, follow these steps to launch and retrieve your rocket. Place it on the launch pad, threading the launch rod through the launch lug on the side of the rocket. There may be two launch lugs on taller rockets. Insert the rocket engine in the engine mount at the bottom of the rocket, securing with the engine clip. Insert the igniter wire, making sure there is good contact with the propellant of the engine. Place the safety cap with the key attached to the top of the launch rod. Attach the alligator clips to the leads of the igniter wire. Uncoil the wire from the launch controller to its full length. Make sure all bystanders are at least fifteen feet from the rocket, and make sure they stay there. Remove the safety cap from the top of the launch rod, and place key in hole indicated on controller. Countdown and ignition! The rocket will literally leap from the launch pad at speeds approaching 200 MPH. It will continue to gain altitude until the engine shut down. The rocket will track slightly into the wind. During this phase, the engine will emit tracking smoke to allow you to see the rockets progress. At peak altitude the ejection charge will fire, ejecting the recovery system - parachute or streamers. The rocket will descend to the ground, where you can retrieve it for another launch. As the rocket descends, watch an object in the distance directly behind it. When rocket hits the ground, walk directly towards the object, and you should easily find your rocket. Back To History of the Rocket © 2012 Hobby Hobnob Thursday, September 20, 2012 Types Of Rockets - Skill Levels Types Of Rockets - Skill Levels There are many different types of rockets available to build. The best way to get started in rocketry is to purchase a set. A rocket set contains just about everything you need to get started - rocket, launch pad, controller, engines, ignite, recovery wadding and igniters. The rocket included is usually a ready to fly rocket, or an E2X level rocket. Some sets contain two rockets. These are usually an E2X and a Skill Level One rocket. Glue and four AA batteries are needed in addition to the kit. Rocket kits are graded by skill level, which is a way of sorting the rockets according to the difficulty of construction. The easiest kits to build are E2X kits with Challenge - Skill Level Three - the most formidable to construct. E2X kits are the easiest rockets to build. Painting is not required, and the gluing is minimal. The decals included with the rocket are stick-on. Assembly of an E2X kit requires less than an hour. The next step up are the Skill Level One, or Beta rocket kits. Beta kits take a little more time and care to assemble. The rocket must be painted, and the fin and motor mount assembly is a little more complex. These kits usually require about two hours or more to build. Explorer Kits - Skill Level Two, are the next level. These kits require more skill to construct and typically take several hours to fashion. The rockets built from these kits are more detailed than Skill Level One kits. Skill Level Three, or Challenge level are currently the highest skill level offered by Estes. These are true ‘craft’ rockets requiring more complex gluing, painting and decaling to produce a really beautiful rocket when finished. There are an amazing variety of rockets to build. Multi-stage rockets are fun, and include the two stage Mongoose and Echostar and the three stage Commanche. A booster rocket engine is required for the initial and secondary stages, with a standard engine used for the final stage. These rockets go the highest of all, and all can be flown as single stage rockets if desired. Back To History of the Rocket © 2012 Hobby Hobnob Wednesday, September 19, 2012 Lessons Learned From the Model Rocketry Hobby Lessons Learned From the Model Rocketry Hobby Since their invention by the Chinese many centuries ago, rockets have undergone many changes in both their design and role in human affairs. The Chinese used them as both weapon and amusement. Modern China still has a tradition of fine fireworks. Today, rocketry fills many roles in our society. As amusement, who can resist a good old fashioned fireworks display. Fourth of July, Labor Day and many other summer holidays are invigorated by exciting fireworks displays. Rockets also fulfill an essential role in the defense of our nation. Modern meteorology is dependent upon rockets delivering weather satellites to orbit. These satellites are indispensable for the current early warning systems for storms and hurricanes. And think about how television veiwing has been changed by satellite technology. News, sports, and cultural events from around the world are beamed directly into your living room via rocket delivered satellite. Model rocketry can also be a fascinating hobby. In addition to being just plain fun, it can inspire interests in a variety of related subjects. How the hobbyist pursues these other subjects is up to the individual. Model building is the first and most obvious skill involved in model rocketry. Although a number of rockets can be purchased ready-to-fly, the best ones must be built. Building and painting the rocket is considered to be the best part of rocketry by many hobbyists. Modeling skills are learned in stages, and as the dexterity of the modeler increases, the complexity of the rockets built also increases. Rockets are the gateway to the next frontier - outer space. As such, an interest in rocketry can unlock an interest in astronomy. Studying the positions of the stars and constellations, plus learning planetary and lunar movements can all be a part of the rocketry experience. Think of a knowledge of astronomy as a road map and a rocket as a car. Rocketry will take us to the cosmos, and a knowledge of astronomy will get us around. If the budding rocketeer really enjoys flying rockets, and dreams of flying the real thing, then maybe rocketry will open up a career in astronautics. As our presence in space increases, so will the need for many of the people essential on earth. Colonists and their materials will all have to be delivered to space, and the only practical method is with a rocket. Good rocket designers, builders, flyers, and maintenance personnel will be in high demand. The study of mathematics can also be enhanced with model rocketry. Newton's Law of Motion, physics, and an understanding of aerodynamic forces can all be demonstrated by rocketry. Students of history can also benefit from rocketry. Many of the rocket models are styled after actual rockets. Some of the rockets are military rockets, some are modeled after historically important rockets, and some are models of military airplanes. The hobbyist can build the rocket, and then study the history of the prototype. The space shuttle, Bull Pup, SR-71 Blackbird, and Mercury Atlas rocket are all available as model rockets which can be built and researched. For example the Mercury Atlas was the rocket that carried the first American into outer space .The leading model manufacturer, Estes, has a very nice model of this historically important rocket. Your local hobby shop can help you get started with everything you need for the fascinating hobby of rocketry. Expand your horizons and get started in the hobby of rocketry today. Back To History of the Rocket © 2012 Hobby Hobnob Tuesday, September 18, 2012 History of the Rocket and Rocketry Part 2 History of the Rocket and Rocketry Part 2 The story of the Mercury Atlas Rocket, and the manned American Space Program begins in the 1920's with a man named Robert Hutchings Goddard. His contributions to the history of the rocket are many. Dr. Goddard's day job was as professor of physics at Clark College (Currently Clark University). Professor Goddard was fascinated with rockets, however, and spent a lot of time designing and building them. Solid propellants, similar to gunpowder only mixed in different proportions to allow slower burning, had powered all rockets previous to Dr. Goddard. This propellant mix was not appreciably different from that of the ancient Chinese who first developed rockets in the early thirteenth century. Dr. Goddard developed the first liquid propellant fueled rocket, which he launched on March 16, 1926, near Auburn, Massachusetts. This was an important development in rocketry for space flight, because gunpowder needs oxygen for fuel, and there is no oxygen in space. Liquid fueled rockets carry their own oxygen for fuel. Unfortunately, Goddard's work was largely ignored in the United States. During this same period (1920's) Russian and German scientists were also working on rocket propulsion, and they didn't ignore Goddard's findings. Dr. Werner Von Braun was a brilliant German scientist who built on Godddard's work. Dr. Braun was one of the principal scientists who developed the V-2 rockets for the German war machine. Goddard's rockets had all been small rockets. The V-2 was the first large liquid fueled rocket. It was first launched on October 3, 1942 from the island of Usedom, near Peennemunde, Germany. The V-2 was an important development in rocketry. As a weapon, it terrified the English, and caused much destruction and death. But it's more important contribution was its peaceful application as a space delivery vehicle. Rocketry history since than has been based on this work. Victorious American forces brought Dr. Braun and other scientists to the United States, along with some V-2 rockets. These and other elements of the German rocket program were essential to the development of the X-1 rocket plane in which Chuck Yeager broke the sound barrier on October 14, 1947. The 1950's saw the beginnings of the Cold War, and its twin the Space Race, a period well remembered by most 'Baby Boomers'. The Russians took the lead in this race with the first orbiting satellite, Sputnik I, launched on October 4, 1957. Sputnik II followed on November 3. 1957. Although the United States was well along with this type of technology, the propaganda value of this feat was invaluable, and Americans were terrified. In an age of atomic weapons, the nation that had an effective missile delivery system had a distinct advantage. The Russian development threw the American space program into a turmoil. X-15 technology would have delivered a 'space plane' in two to three years, but for American politicians, this was too long a time to 'lag behind' the Soviets. The first American satellite, Explorer I, joined Sputniks I and II on January 31, 1958, four months after the initial Soviet launch. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) was established by Act of Congress on July 29, 1958. The Americans decided to abandon the slower 'space plane' approach to space flight, and follow the quicker 'rocket' approach. Manned space flight came a step closer to reality with the establishment of the American Mercury and the Russian Vostok space programs. Again, the Russians won this achievement with the launch of Vostok I, and Yuri Garigan became the first man in space on April 12, 1961. Alan Shephard followed on May 5, 1961 to become the first American in space riding a Mercury Atlas rocket named Freedom 7. John Glenn became the first American to orbit the earth in Friendship 7 on February 20, 1962. If you're interested in a more complete story about the Mercury Space Program, and more of Chuck Yeager's story, read The Right Stuff By Tom Wolf. It's an excellent story about America's first steps into space. Back To History of the Rocket © 2012 Hobby Hobnob Monday, September 17, 2012 Brief History of the Rocket and Rocketry Brief History of the Rocket and Rocketry The beginnings of the history of rocketry are shrouded in the mists of time. Mongol chronicles from 1232 report that the Chinese used "arrows of flying fire" against them in their defense of the city of K'ai-feng . Since they also reported another weapon used which they called "heaven shaking thunder", historians have concluded that this was the first recorded use of gunpowder to make primitive bombs and rockets in history. The Mongols were quick to grasp the new technology, using rockets against Russia in the Battle of Legnica in 1241. The Arabs used rockets in their Iberian campaigns in 1249, and other European powers soon followed. The construction techniques of these first rocket was not recorded, and no rockets have survived. They were probably made of tightly wrapped paper tubes packed with gunpowder. These rockets had a very limited range, and no directional control. A German army colonel, history has not recorded his name, made the first major construction improvement in 1668, constructing rockets from wood which had been wrapped in glue soaked sailcloth. The rocket weighed 132 pounds and contained a 16 pound charge of powder. These rockets had more range than previous one, but rockets were still little used, except in the fireworks displays which had become popular in Europe during this time. An Indian prince - Hyder Ali, made the next major improvement in rocket design. His hammered soft iron rocket body was the first metal body rocket. It could develop higher internal pressure than earlier rockets enabling it to hold a larger powder charge, giving a range of almost a mile. This weapon still had no directional control, but was very effective against cavalry troops if fired em masse either in the air, or sent skimming over the ground. The British found this out, to their dismay, in the wars against India in the 1700’s. This weapon caused a bit of a stir in Europe, giving Sir William Congreve an incentive to experiment with rocket construction. Due to his efforts, black powder mixes and rocket construction were improved and standardized. He developed timed explosives and incendiary charges. He designed eight different rocket sizes with ranges from 1/2 to two miles. The Congreve rocket was used in many military campaigns in Europe and elsewhere. The British Army organized rocket brigades to bombard enemy positions. It was the Congreve rocket bombardment during the war of 1812 which inspired Francis Scott Keye to write The Star Spangled Banner. William Hale designed rocket fins which would cause the rocket to spin, around 1850, giving the rocket more stability, thus improving its accuracy. Advances in artillery pieces outpaced rocket design improvements and artillery displaced the rocket. Rockets still found use in swampy or mountainous terrain where the heavy artillery pieces were hard or impossible to transport. A Swede, Wilhelm Unge, made the next improvement in the rocket. He called his creation an "aerial torpedo", made for defense against dirigibles. His improvements consisted of an improved rocket motor nozzle and a switch from gunpowder to a nitroglycerin based propellant. The Krupp armament firm in Germany obtained the patents for this devise in 1909, and experimented further. About this time, an American named Robert Hutchings Goddard began experiments in rocketry. During W.W.I, he developed small rockets which were the later developed into the bazooka. Besides Goddard, others in the US were experimenting with rockets. Elmer and his son Lawrence Sperry developed an "Arial torpedo" in 1917, which utilized gyroscopic control to allow the rocket to fly to a preselected target. Charles F. Kettering in 1918 designed a rocket which used both gyroscopic and barometric control to achieve both altitude and directional control. By the late nineteenth century, scientists were envisioning rocket powered space flight. This dream began to take shape with additional work from Goddard, who developed the liquid fuel rocket in the 1920's, with the first launch in 1926. He also launched the first instrument carrying rocket in 1929. He proposed the first serious plan to reach the moon with rocket powered flight, and it was Goddard more than anyone else who laid the foundation of the modern space program. The Germans, because of a concentrated effort, were ahead of everyone else in rocket technology at the beginning of W.W.II. Under the direction of Dr. Werner Von Braun, the German Army developed a long range ballistic missile on the isolated island of Peenemunde in the late 1930’s. The Germans utilized a variety of rockets during the war, the most ‘famous’ of which was the V-2, which scourged Britain. Most of these rockets were fired from mobile launchers, which could be hidden from Allied air attack, and moved into position when needed. After the war, most of the initial rocket research was into intercontinental ballistic missile systems which could deliver nuclear weapons to faraway places. Surface to air missals were also made for defense against air attack. Air to air missals were made for blasting other planes out of the sky, and missals were developed to blast targets from the airplane to targets on the ground. The most exciting rocket research, however, was the American and Russian developments which were to launch men into space, as envisioned by Goddard, and about a zillion science fiction writers. The rocket carried men to the moon in 1969, and will enable us to visit the other planets. The rocket and the science of rocketry has been an important story in our history and will become more important as time advances. Lessons Learned From the Model Rocketry Hobby History of the Rocket and Rocketry Part 2 Types Of Rockets - Skill Levels Model Rocket Parts And What They Do How To Build A Model Rocket - Make A Skill Level One Kit Back To Hobbies © 2012 Hobby Hobnob Friday, September 14, 2012 Parts For Model Airplanes - 3/4 Inch Plastic Toy Wheels Parts For Model Airplanes - 3/4 Inch Plastic Toy Wheels Contents: 8 wheels This package contains 8 Guillow plastic wheels. Each wheel is made from hi-impact plastic and can be used for model airplane and a variety of hobby needs Back To Plastic Toy Airplane Wheels © 2012 Hobby Hobnob Plastic Toy Airplane Wheels Plastic Toy Airplane Wheels These plastic toy airplane wheels can be used with the Guillow's rubber-band powered airplane kits, or for any hobby or crafts that you need wheels for. There are eight toy wheels per package. They are red, high impact plastic. The wheels have a small hole in the center which will accept a stiff wire or small nail as an axle. These plastic toy wheels can be used for either the Guillow's toy airplanes or for crafts and pine wood type cars. They may be used in the construction of many different types of rubber band powered vehicles or similiar projects. The wheels may be used with other toy airplane parts to design and build different types of toy airplane. Parts For Model Airplanes - 3/4 Inch Plastic Toy Wheels Back To Model Airplane Parts © 2012 Hobby Hobnob Wednesday, September 12, 2012 Parts For Model Airplanes - 4 Inch Plastic Toy Propeller Parts For Model Airplanes - 4 Inch Plastic Toy Propeller Contents: 3 propellers This package contains 3 Guillow propellers. Each propeller is made from hi-impact plastic and can be used for a variety of hobby needs Back To Propellers © 2012 Hobby Hobnob Parts For Model Airplanes - 6 Inch Plastic Toy Propeller Parts For Model Airplanes - 6 Inch Plastic Toy Propeller Contents: 3 propellers This package contains 3 Guillow propellers. Each propeller is made from hi-impact plastic and can be used for a variety of hobby needs Back To Propellers © 2012 Hobby Hobnob Monday, September 10, 2012 Parts For Model Airplanes - 5 Inch Plastic Toy Propeller Parts For Model Airplanes - 5 Inch Plastic Toy Propeller Contents: 3 propellers This package contains 3 Guillow propellers. Each propeller is made from hi-impact plastic and can be used for a variety of hobby needs. Back To Propellers © 2012 Hobby Hobnob Friday, September 07, 2012 Plastic Toy Airplane Propellers Plastic Toy Airplane Propellers These plastic toy airplane propellers are constructed from high impact plastic, are red in color and come in three sizes, four inch, five inch, and six inch. They are meant for use as replacement parts for Guillow’s model airplanes. The propellers are useful for many other project and hobby applications as well. They can be used in rubber powered vehicle projects like propellers for airboats, cars and other vehicles. Each package contains three plastic propellers for toy airplanes. These model airplane parts are not suitable for high speed applications. They are designed for use with rubber band powered airplanes or other type vehicles. The plastic propellers may be used to power toy airplanes which have been designed and built by the hobbyist. Designing and building model airplanes is a fun and educational project. Parts For Model Airplanes - 5 Inch Plastic Toy Propeller Parts For Model Airplanes - 6 Inch Plastic Toy Propeller Parts For Model Airplanes - 4 Inch Plastic Toy Propeller Back To Model Airplane Parts © 2012 Hobby Hobnob Thursday, September 06, 2012 Parts For Model Airplanes - 8 Inch X 3/16 Inch Rubber Band Parts For Model Airplanes - 8 Inch X 3/16 Inch Rubber Band 8 Inch X 3/16 Inch Rubber Band Contents: 10 rubber bands This package contains 10 large rubber bands. These bands can be used as replacement model airplane parts on GUILLOW'S rubber band planes #60, 76 and series 900 balsa kits. Back To Model Airplane Parts © 2012 Hobby Hobnob Wednesday, September 05, 2012 Parts For Model Airplanes - 96 Inch X .03Inch X 3/16 Inch Rubber Band Parts For Model Airplanes - 96 Inch X .03Inch X 3/16 Inch Rubber Band This package contains one 96 Inch X .03 Inch X 3/16 Inch strand of rubber thread. A large rubber band to be used as a replacement model airplane part for Guillow's rubber band airplanes. Back To Large Rubber Bands © 2012 Hobby Hobnob Tuesday, September 04, 2012 Parts For Model Airplanes - 7 Inch X 3/32 Inch Rubber Band Parts For Model Airplanes - 7 Inch X 3/32 Inch Rubber Band These are Guillow's 7 inch green rubberbands, to be used with many of their own rubber-powered planes, or any other plane kit which calls for a 7 inch rubberband. FEATURES: Green 3/32" wide rubberbands that can be used with either Guillow's rubber-powered kits or for general craft use. INCLUDES: Twelve per package SPECS: 7 inch long x 3/32 inch wide COMMENTS: These are replacement rubberbands for Guillow's kits; #50, 51, 52, 55, 75 and series 500 balsa kits. 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Plastic Toy Airplane Wheels Parts For Model Airplanes - 4 Inch Plastic Toy Pro... Parts For Model Airplanes - 6 Inch Plastic Toy Pro... Parts For Model Airplanes - 5 Inch Plastic Toy Pro... Plastic Toy Airplane Propellers Parts For Model Airplanes - 8 Inch X 3/16 Inch Rub... Parts For Model Airplanes - 96 Inch X .03Inch X 3... 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Wonning considers himself an "Indiana Hound," because he likes to "sniff" out the interesting places and history of Indiana and then use his books to reveal them to his readers. He also enjoys gardening, American history and dabbles in writing fantasy and humorous fiction. View my complete profile Search 2.0 Labels Aviation (6) Balsa Planes (53) Beadcrafts (4) Beer Making (9) Candle Making (5) Catalog (1) Coin Collecting (14) Crafts (1) Diorama (6) History of Flight (10) HO Scale EZ Track (8) HO Scale Snap Track (12) HO Scale Structures (11) HO Scale Track (19) HO Scale Trains (43) Kites (25) Model Building (4) Model Trains (87) N Scale Train (60) Paper Airplanes (7) Pine Wood Derby (3) Rocketry (6) Scenery Materials (1) Styrofoam Airplanes (3) Thomas The Tank Engine (6) Toy Airplanes (2) Toy Soldiers (7) Train Set (9) Wine Making (16) Wood Crafts (9) Stats Quick Linker